Yasas! 

Having taken you on a brief journey through the ancient history of Corfu with our last blog post, we now dive into a period that had a long lasting effect on the island’s architecture and culture, much of which still remains today…

Corfu’s medieval legacy

The Angevin Period (1267-1386)

The Angevin era in Corfu began in 1267 and marked a significant chapter in the island’s history. When Charles of Anjou, the French King of Sicily, took control, it set the stage for profound political and cultural shifts; a period which was characterized by efforts to replace the Orthodox Church with the Catholic Church, reflecting the Angevins’ strong allegiance to the Papacy.

Administrative Changes

One of the notable administrative changes during the Angevin rule was the division of Corfu into four districts: Giros, Oros, Mesis, and Lefkimmi. This reorganization aimed to streamline governance and improve administrative efficiency. Remarkably, these districts have persisted through the centuries and remain in place today.

Arrival of New Communities

The Angevin period also saw the arrival of two significant new communities on the island:

1. Jews Expelled from Spain: The first group consisted of Jews who were expelled from Spain. Initially, they faced persecution and were treated poorly upon their arrival in Corfu. Despite these challenges, the Jewish community gradually grew in size and influence. By 1386, they had become an integral part of Corfu’s public life, contributing to the island’s cultural and economic development.
2. Vagenets from Epirus: The second group were the Vagenets, a gypsy community from the coastal region of Epirus. They engaged in manual labour and formed a distinct lower class within Corfu’s society. The Vagenets played a crucial role in the island’s labour force, contributing to various aspects of daily life and the local economy

External Threats and the Venetian Transition

Throughout the Angevin period, Corfu faced external threats, particularly from the Turks. This constant fear of an attack led the Council of Corfu to seek protection from the Republic of Venice, known for its naval prowess and strategic influence; a decision which in the Venetians raising their banner over the Old Fortress on May 20, 1386. This event marked the end of Angevin rule and the beginning of Venetian dominance over Corfu. The transition to Venetian rule brought about significant changes and set the stage for a new era in Corfu’s history. The Venetians’ influence would shape the island’s culture, architecture, and governance for centuries to come.

The Venetian Period 1386 to 1797 –

The Venetian period in Corfu, spanning from 1386 to 1797, was a transformative era that left an indelible mark on the island’s character and culture. Recognizing Corfu’s strategic importance for their naval interests and its fertile land for agriculture, the Venetians acquired the island from the Kingdom of Naples for a substantial sum of 30,000 gold ducats.

Governance and Social Structure

During Venetian rule, Corfu was organized under a feudal system that divided society into three distinct social classes: the nobility, the citizens (civili), and the poor (popolari). The nobility wielded significant political power, while the citizens and the poor had limited influence. This hierarchical structure was designed to maintain order and ensure efficient administration of the island.

Agricultural Developments

One of the most notable contributions of the Venetians was the introduction of significant agricultural advancements. They promoted the planting of olive trees, which became a cornerstone of Corfu’s economy. The cultivation of olives not only boosted the local economy but also transformed the island’s landscape, making olive groves a defining feature of Corfu.

Cultural Flourishing

The Venetian period was a time of cultural flourishing for Corfu. The island’s connections with Venice brought advancements in arts and sciences. Venetian influence is still evident today in Corfu’s architecture, musical traditions, cuisine, and even the local dialect. The Old Fortress, a symbol of resilience during the Byzantine era, continued to play a crucial role in defending the island against Ottoman threats.

Architectural and Artistic Influence

Venetian rule left a lasting impact on Corfu’s architecture. The island’s buildings, particularly in the old town of Corfu, reflect Venetian styles with their elegant facades, narrow streets, and arcades. The Venetians also promoted the arts, leading to a flourishing of music, painting, and literature. This cultural enrichment helped shape Corfu’s unique identity, blending Venetian sophistication with local traditions.

Strategic Importance

Corfu’s strategic location made it a valuable asset for Venice. The island served as a crucial naval base, protecting Venetian trade routes and interests in the region. The Old Fortress and other defensive structures were continuously maintained and upgraded to fend off Ottoman attacks, ensuring the island’s security and stability.

The Venetian rule of Corfu is remembered as a period of prosperity and cultural enrichment. The island’s strategic location and fertile land made it a valuable asset for Venice, while the Venetians’ influence helped shape Corfu’s unique cultural identity. Corfu’s journey through the Angevin and Venetian periods is a testament to its resilience and adaptability. The island’s ability to integrate diverse influences while preserving its own traditions has created a rich cultural tapestry that continues to captivate visitors and historians alike.